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HVAC Intervention

Mandatory maintenance depends on capacity: for systems containing more than 500 g of refrigerant, an annual leak check is mandatory (European F-Gas Regulation 517/2014). For heat pumps and AC units from 4 to 70 kW: mandatory inspection every 2 years (decree no. 2020-912). Above 70 kW: annual inspection. The maintenance certificate must be kept on file.

The European F-Gas Regulation (EU 517/2014, revised in 2024) aims to progressively reduce HFCs (hydrofluorocarbons) with high global warming potential (GWP). Market quotas decrease by up to -79% by 2030. R-410A (GWP 2088) is being gradually replaced by R-32 (GWP 675) or R-290 (propane, GWP 3). Technicians must hold a capacity certificate (category I to IV).

Rule of thumb: 100 W/m² in temperate climates, 120-130 W/m² in Mediterranean climates. A precise thermal assessment depends on: insulation, orientation, glazing, internal gains (people, equipment), altitude. For a standard office: 80-100 W/m². For a computer room: 150-250 W/m². Sizing must follow NF EN 12831 (thermal loads) to avoid oversizing (degraded consumption and comfort).

HFC refrigerants with GWP above 750 are banned in new split systems since 2025 (F-Gas). Commonly permitted refrigerants: R-32 (GWP 675), R-290 propane (GWP 3), R-1234yf (GWP <1), R-1234ze (GWP <1), R-744 CO2 (GWP 1). R-410A remains used for maintenance of existing installations but production is declining. The choice of refrigerant impacts sizing, technician training, and applicable safety standards.

The Energy Code (article R.241-30) prohibits air conditioning premises when indoor temperature is below 26°C. The tertiary decree requires a 40% reduction in consumption by 2030. The BACS decree mandates automation of HVAC systems above 290 kW. In public venues, the cooling setpoint must not be below 26°C. Air-conditioned shop doors must be kept closed (Climate Act 2021).